一、常用数学符号、公式和等式的读法
+ 加号,加 plus
+ 正号 positive
- 减号,减 minus
- 负号,负 negetive
± 加或减 plus or minus
± 正或负 plus or minus
· 乘 multiplied by times into
÷ 除 divided by
: 比 proportional to
= 等号 equal sign
= 等于 to equal,to equals
> 大于 greater than
< 小于 less than
≥ 大于等于 greater than or equal
≤ 小于等于less than or equal
≡ 恒等于 identical with
≈ 约等于 approximately equal
≌ 全等于 congruent
～等价于 equivalent to;
相似于 similar to
→ 趋近于 approaches
( ) 括号,括弧 1) 　　parentheses;parenthesis;sign 　　parenthesis
圆括号,圆括弧 2) round brackets
[ ] 方括号1) squre [angular] 　　brackets
括号2) brackets
{ } 花括号 braces
∑ 求和summstion of;sigma
从　　1到n的和 the sum form i equalsone to n;sigma
从1到n的积 the product form i 　　equalsone to n
x1 +x2+x3+ΛΛ x one x two plus x three,etc(et cetera)
a=b 1) a equals to b
2) a is equal to b
3) a is b
a≠b a is not equal to b;a is not b
a>b a is greater than b
a
a≥b a is greater than or equal to b
a≤b a is less than or equal to b
a≈b a approximately equal (s) b
a∝b a varies directly as b;a is (directly) proportional to b
a∈A a is member of set A
A⊂B 　　A is contained in B;A is a 　　proper subset of B
AIB A intersection B
AYB A union
{ }或φ empty set
⇒ 　　implies
⇔ 　　is equivalent to　xRy x is in the relation R to y
a±b a plus or minus b
(a+b)(a-b) a plus b,a minus b
(a+b)2 a plus b all squared
(a÷b)2 a over b all squared
n! n factorial;factorial n
a% a persent
\|a\| mod a;modulus a
x→∞ x approaches infinity
0< x
0≤x≤a zero is less than or 　　equal to x is less than or equal to a
c=a.b 1)c equals (is equal to) a 　　multiplied by b
2) c equals a times b
1:2 the ratio of one to two
1/2 a half;one half
1/3 a third;one third
1/100 a[one] hundredth
1/1000 a[one] thousandth
0.1(.1) zero point one;nought point one
0.01(.01) zero point zero one;nought point nought one
3.1416 three point one four one six
14. one four point one four,one four recurring
a:b the ratio of a to b
a:b=c 1) a devided by b equals c
2) a devided by b is c
3)the ratio of a to b is c
a:b=c:d 1) the ratio of a to b equals the ratio of c to d
2) a is to b as c is to d
a+b>c a plus b is greater then c
a+b
a+b=c a plus b is (are;equals;is equal to) c
a-b=c a minus b(b from a) is(equals;is equal to;leaves) c
(a,b) a
[a,b]a≤x≤b the closed interval from a to b
(a,b) the interval a
[a,b] the interval a≤x
a
a≤x≤b a is less then or equal to x is less then or equal to b
logax logarithm (base) of x
lnx natural logarithm of x
x² 1)x square;x squured
2) x to the second power
3) x raised to the second power
4) the square of x
5) the second power of x
6) x to the second
x³ 1)x cube;x cubed
2) x to the third power
3) x raised to the third power
4) the cube of x
5) the third power of x
6) x to the third
xⁿ 1)x to the n-th power
2) x raised to the n-th power
3) the n-th power of x
4) x to the n-th
x^-n 1) x to the minus n-th
2) x to the minus n-th power
radical
=b 1) the square root of a is(equals) b
2) the square root out of a is(equals) b
the square root of a
the cube root of a
the cube root
the n-th root
a′ a prime
aⁿ 1) a second prime
2) a double prime
3) a twice dashed;
a^m 1) a triple prime
2) a third prime
a₁ 1) a sub one
2) a first
a² 1) a sub two
2) a second
a_m 1) a sub m
2) a m-th
a'_m 1) a prime,sub m
2) a sub m,prime
a'₁ a first prime
a_n² a second, second prime
y first derivative of y
second derivative of y
dy/dx first derivative of y with respect to x
d2y/dx2 second derivative of y with respect to x
y=f(x) y is a function of x
∫ integral of
1) integral of……from a to b
2) integral of……between limits a and b
capital L equals the square root of (out of ) capital R square
plus minus x square
a to the m by n-th power equals the n-th root of (out of) a to
the m-th power
P=∞ p is equal to infinity
∠ angle
⊥ perpendicular;is perpendicular to
∥ parallel;is parallel to
△ABC triangje ABC
vector F
a bar
≌ is congruent to
～ is similar t
A-1 inverse of matrix A　% percent
二、英语缩写词
abs	absolute	绝对的
	absolutely	绝对地
A.D	Anno Domini	公元
ad inf	ad infinitum	趋于无限
ads	address	地址
agg	aggregate	总数、共计
al	algebra	代数
alt	altitude	高度
	alternate	交错,交替
a.m	above-mentioned	上述的
a.m.	arithmetic mean	算术平均
amt	amount	数量
ans	answer	答案、解答、回答
AoI	and-or-inverter	与或非
A.P	arithmetic progression	等差数列
appl	application	应用
appr	approximate	近似、约计
appx	appendix	附录
arg	argument	自变数,幅角
arith	arithmetic	算术
aut	automatic	自动的
aux,auxil	auxiliary	辅助的
av,avg	average	平均
Ax	Axiom	公理
B.C	Before Christ	公元前
BCD	Binary Coded Decimal	二进制编码的十进制
BC.O	Binary Coded Octal	二进制编码的八进制
℃(c)	centigrate	摄氏度
C	cubic	立方的
	cycle	周
	centi	厘,百分之一
ca	circa	大约
CAD	Computer-Aided Design	计算机辅助设计
CAI	Computer-Aided Instruction	计算机辅助教学
calcd	calculated	计算的
cat	catalog (ue)	目录,一览表
C.C.W	Counter-Clockwise	逆时针方向
c.d	centre distance	中心距离
cf.	confer	参看、见、比较
cg	center of gravity	重心
C.G.S	Centimetre Gramme Second	厘米·克·秒(单位)制
Ch.	Chapter	章
chap	chapter	章
char	character	字符
cir	circular	圆形的
circum	circumference	圆周
cit	cited	引用
ckt	circuit	电路
C.l.	center-line	中心线
C.L.A	center line average method	算术平均法,平均高度法
cm	centimetre	厘米
coeff.	coefficient	系数
com	common	公,公共
col	column	行,纵行,栏,项目,柱
comp.	compare	比较
con	contra	相反
	conclusion	结论
con.sec	conic sections	圆锥曲线
const	constant	常数
	construction	作图
cont (contd)	continued	续,接
Contr.	Contracted	省略的
	Contraction	省略
Cor	corollary	推论,系
cp	compare	比较
ct	constant	常数
	circuit	电路,线路
ctr (s)	center (s)	中心
cu (cub)	cubic	立方
C.W.	clockwise	顺时针方向
CY	cycle	周期,周
d	degree	度
D	density	密度
	diameter	直径
	date	日期
D.C.	digital computer	数字计算机
D.E	differential equation	微分方程
def(def’n)	definition	定义
deg	degree	度
demon	demonstrative	求证
den	density	密度
der	derivative	导数,微商
det	detail	详细,细节,详图
DF	decimal fraction	(十进)小数
dia (m)	diameter	直径
diag	diagram	图,图解
diff	difference	差,不同
DIV	divide	除
Do (d°)	ditto	同上,同前,如前所述
doub	double	加倍,二倍,成双的,成倍的
DP	data processing	数据处理
E	east	东
edit	edition	版,版本
e.e	error expected	允许的误差
e.g	exempli gratia=for example	例如
eq.	equal	相等
eq (eq’n)	equation	等式,方程
esp.	especially	特别
et al	et alii	及其他
et	alibi	及别处
etc	et cetera	等等
et seq	et sequentia	及以下等等
ex (s)	example(s)	例
	exercise	练习,习题
	extra	特别的
ext	external	外部的
	exterior	在外
f	frequency	频率
fig	figure	图,图形
fn	function	函数,功能
FQCY	frequency	频率
fxd	fixed	固定的,不变的
g(gm)	gramme	克
GA	general average	平均值
G.C.D	greatest common divisor	最大公约数
G.C.F	greatest common factor	最大公因子
G.C.M	greatest common measure	最大公约数
geom.	geometry	几何学
G.P	geometrical progression	等比数列,几何数列
gr(grm)	gram	克
h	hour	小时
	height	高,高度
H.C.F.	highest common factor	最高公因式,最大公约数
hf	half	半
hor	horizontal	水平的
hr	hour	小时
hyp	hypothesis	假设
ib (ibid)	ibidem	在同处(书,文献等出处)
id	idem	同前,同上,同作者,同样
iden	identical	恒等,全等
i.e	id est=that is	即,就是,换言之
ig	idem quod	如同
ih	inverted hour	逆(反)时针的
im	image	图像
inc	increase	增加
ind	index	索引,指标,刻度
indef	indefinite	无限,不定
in.ex	in extenso	全部
inf	infinity	无穷大,无限大
	infra	上、下限
inh	inverted hour	逆(反)时针的
int	interior	内部的,在内
int.al	inter alia	尤其
I/O	input/output	输入/输出
IT	information technology	信息技术
	information theory	信息论
IV	independent variable	独立变数
J	journal	期刊,杂志
jour	journal	期刊,杂志
kg	kilogram	千克
km	kilometer	千克
l	length	长度
l.c	loco citato	上述引文中
L.C.M.	least common multiple	最小公倍数(式)
Lowest	common multiple	最低公倍式
Lgth	length	长度
l.h	left hand	左方,左侧
lim	limit	极限
lin	linear	直线的,一次的,线性的
lit	liter	(公)升
loc	location	位置
loc.cit	loco citato	上述引文中
ISD	least significant digit	最低(数)位,最右(数)位
M	mega	兆(10⁶)
	mille	千
M(m)	medium	中间,中等
m	metre	米
	milli	毫(10^-3)
	million	兆(10⁶)
	minute	分钟
μ(mu)	micro	微(10^-6)
mae	mean absolute error	平均绝对误差
mag	magnitude	量,大小
math	mathematical	数学的
	mathematics	数学
max	maximum	最大,最大值
min	minimum	最小,最小值
	minute	分钟
mo (s)	month(s)	月
mon	monthly	月刊
MS	mean square	均方
n	net	净
N	number	数,编号,第…号
	North	北
	Northern	北方的
n.a.s.c	necessary and
sufficient	condition	充要条件,充分且必要的条件
N.B	nota bene= note well	注意
neg	negative	负的
Net	network	网络
No(s)	number(s)	数,编号,第…号
nr	near	在…附近
O.D.E.	ordinary differential equation	常微分方程
opp	opposed	相反的,对面
ord	ordinary	普通的,通常的
p	page	页
PAR	parallel	平行的,平行线,并联的
par	paragraph	节,段
P.C.	per cent	百分比
pcs	pieces	个,件,份
P.D.E	partial differential equation	偏微分方程
PERT	program evaluation and
review	techniques	计划评审技术(统筹方法)
ph	phase	相位,相
pos	positive	正的
pp	pages	负(复数)
p.p	proportional part	比例部分
Pr	pair	偶,对
pr(pri,pry)	primary	初级,最初的
prep	perpendicular	垂直,正交
proc	proceeding	学报,会刊
ps	pseudo	伪,假
pt(s)	part(s)	部分
p.t.o	please turn over	请见(本页的)反面,请翻到下页
q	question	问题
q.e	quod est	这就是,即
Q.E D	quod erat demonstrandum	证毕,证完,这就是所要证的,所求证者
w.r.t	with respect to	关于,相对于